Baroque Music Essay -- Papers

Elaborate Music In 1600 another style of music started to advance, this type of music was later to be called Baroque. Elaborate music was altogether different to the music before its time, for example, medieval and early renaissance music and the advancement of new symphonious and melodic lines included contrast in pace and variety to the structures giving them another shape and structure. The structure of the music additionally changed, various structures, for example, fugues and guns created and various instruments were presented. There were numerous authors that composed music all through the rococo time, some more huge than others yet each contributing a huge sum to the improvement all through this period. Corelli was one of the main unmistakable authors of the Baroque period; he was an Italian author and musician composing music in a chamber style and as the late elaborate period. Corelli was conceived in 1653 in Fusignano, Italy and left to Bologna when he was only 13 were he was educated by Leonardo Brugnol who maybe affected him to turn into an educator of music. He was keen on the type of melodic instruction furthermore, this is unmistakably appeared in the advancement of his melodic history. Corelli established the advanced school of violin playing just as gaining titles, for example, World's First Great Violinist and Author of Modern Violin Technique Corelli was the primary writer to be well known for creating utilizing as it were instruments, and this is one of the focuses that made him stick out all through the extravagant time particularly in Rome were he educated writers for example, Vivaldi and Giannini who before long spread his techniques excessively the world. Corelli's work impacted numerous other ... ...d are used to carry the crowd into the universe of that specific one. They set up the exhibition. Sonata structure was applied to solo sonatas, ambiance music, orchestras, furthermore, concertos. String groups of four were the most mainstream chamber type of the Classical period. They were comprised of one cello, two violins, and a viola and were written in 4 developments, utilizing the sonata structure. There was likewise a wide utilization of orchestras, enormous symphonic sytheses, by and large in three or four developments, orchestras are likewise in sonata structure. Orchestras, Sonatas, and String Quartets were composed by some of the most compelling authors of the traditional period, Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven. They created music for vocals just as instrumentals. Different writers included Luigi Boccherini, Hoffman and Hein.

Complete List of FREE SAT Math Practice Problems

Complete List of FREE SAT Math Practice Problems SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Need to read for the SAT Math area yet don’t realize where to begin? On a tight spending plan, as well? Not to stress! In this article,we've assembled a thorough rundown of all the best (and free!) SAT Math study materials and aides as of now accessible on the web. Note: For data on the best SAT investigation materials you need to pay for, look at our picks for top SAT prep books. Highlight Image: Alan O'Rourke/Flickr The Importance of Using High-Quality SAT Math Materials It is amazingly imperative to get your investigation materials from the correct spots. The SAT is a quite certain sort of test, and there are (many!) sites and projects out there that, unfortunately, offer just low quality SAT assets. On the off chance that you study utilizing basically second rate SAT materials, you won't get an unmistakable sense with regards to how you’ll do on test day. Test prep is tied in with surveying and enhancing your present level, however you won’t have the option to do this on the off chance that you get a misguided feeling of your abilities dependent on poor investigation materials. At last, items and test addresses that don’t precisely mirror the SAT are an exercise in futility. In this manner, it's ideal to organize official SAT materials. The SAT is structured by the College Board, and their free materials are by a long shot the best spot to begin considering. From here, you can expand into projects and materials that utilization (or intently look like) official SAT material. Presently, we should take a gander at the best assets you can use with the expectation of complimentary authority SAT Math practice questions. Prepared, set, go! Top 5 Free Resources for Quality SAT Math Practice In this area, we go over the main five free assets you can use for quality SAT Math prep. #1: The College Board As the maker and backer of the SAT, the College Board is the best spot to start for gathering your free SAT Math study materials. The official site offers full-length SAT practice tests and practice inquiries for all segments. Free Official Full-Length SAT Practice Tests 10 authority practice tests are at present accessible on the web. Each test accompanies an answer key and inside and out answer clarifications to assist you with understanding why you misunderstood inquiries. Practice Test 1: Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations Practice Test 2: Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations Practice Test 3: Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations Practice Test 4: Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations Practice Test 5: Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations Practice Test 6: Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations Practice Test 7: Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations Practice Test 8: Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations Practice Test 9: Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations Practice Test 10: Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations Free Official SAT Math Practice Notwithstanding full-length tests, the College Board offers a few SAT Math practice questions (just as test inquiries for every other segment of the test). For SAT Math, there are 30 number cruncher allowed questions and 18 no-adding machine questions. Despite the fact that it's not exactly a full SAT Math segment, it offers you a chance to get more introduction to the sort of math you'll see on test day. As you answer each question, do whatever it takes not to take a gander at the right answers immediately. Rather, compose your answers on a bit of paper as you take the test. When completed, allude to the official answer clarifications; this will enable you to comprehend what your qualities and shortcomings are. Old Official Full-Length SAT Practice Tests While the freshest practice tests will be generally helpful for your prep, you can likewise utilize any of these four old (pre-2016) SAT practice tests. Most math inquiries on these ought to be useful simply note that nowadays geometry is less significant and information understanding is progressively significant. SAT Practice Test 2013-14: Questions | Answers SAT Practice Test 2012-13: Questions | Answers SAT Practice Test 2007-08: Questions | Answers SAT Practice Test 2004-05: Questions | Answers You may see that there are some missing years (e.g,. 2005-06, 2006-07, and so on.). This is on the grounds that the tests for these years are rehashes of the ones above. As it were, the four tests connected above are the main free SAT tests accessible from the previous 10 years (barring the most up to date ones). No compelling reason to gauge the advantages and disadvantages here-the entirety of the assets we prescribe are ensured to assist you with getting an extraordinary SAT Math score! #2: Khan Academy Khan Academy is a not-for-profit and accomplice of the College Board that offers a free online SAT prep program and practice questions. While the majority of the inquiries originate from legitimate SAT practice materials, (for example, those connected above), others have been made or adjusted with endorsement from or couple with the College Board itself. Pursue a free Khan Academy record to gain admittance to SAT study questions and materials, complete with aides and clarification recordings to help your contemplating. #3: PrepScholar SAT Blog Here at PrepScholar, we offer huge amounts of free assets, remembering definite aides for each SAT math theme and a total assortment of our best SAT Math articles. Every one of our aides incorporate definitions and clarifications, instances of how you’ll see the subject on the test, and genuine SAT practice inquiries with point by point answer clarifications. Peruse our SAT Math controls beneath to begin! All aides are masterminded by point. Numbers Numbers (Basic) Numbers (Advanced) Divisions, Ratios, and Proportions Insights (Mean, Median, Mode) Likelihood Successions /<![CDATA[ (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); /]]> Polynomial math Single Variable Equations Frameworks of Equations Capacities Facilitate Geometry Focuses Lines and Slopes Reflections, Translations, and Rotations Plane and Solid Geometry Lines and Angles Circles Triangles Polygons Strong Geometry Trigonometry Trigonometry Equations The 28 Critical SAT Math Formulas You MUST Know Likewise, we have system manages that will assist you with taking care of various SAT Math issues no matter how you look at it: Connecting Answers Connecting Numbers On the off chance that you discover our aides and tests supportive, you can likewise pursue a free five-day preliminary to our test prep program. Our program evaluates your present qualities and shortcomings and adjusts dependent on your advancement. It gives you practice addresses customized to your territories of required improvement and gives answer clarifications to all inquiries. Every one of our inquiries are based off genuine SAT test questions and, however the full program isn't free, we ensure your cash back in the event that you don't improve by 160. #4: CrackSAT.net CrackSAT is a free, informal SAT site offering PDFs of legitimate SAT practice tests and a variety of both official and informal SAT Math questions. A large number of the inquiries on CrackSAT originate from SAT prep books by notable test-prep organizations including The Princeton Review and Kaplan. Despite the fact that for the most part strong, informal SAT questions can differ uncontrollably in quality, so don't depend on just these to give you a feeling of your math capacities. Or maybe, it's ideal to utilize this site after you've depleted all the official SAT assets above. What's particularly decent about this site is its association: math questions are accessible in both numerous decision and matrix in classifications to give you the full scope of math practice. You can likewise peruse issues by idea (e.g., straight capacities, examples and radicals, and so on.). #5: Ivy Global SAT Practice Tests At long last, in the event that you need to rehearse math with regards to all the more full-length SAT practice tests, use Ivy Global's two informal practice test PDFs (SAT Online Practice Test 1 and Practice Test 2). These assets intently follow the organization of the SAT and are both profoundly practical. Be that as it may, they're not great. A portion of the inquiries on the Math areas are excessively simple and not as like those on the SAT as they could be. There are likewise no answer clarifications, making it hard to decide how to locate the correct responses for math addresses you get off-base. /<![CDATA[ (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); /]]> You've assembled all your investigation material ... so now what? Need to become familiar with the SAT however burnt out on perusing blog articles? At that point you'll cherish our free, SAT prep livestreams. Structured and driven by PrepScholar SAT specialists, these live video occasions are an incredible asset for understudies and guardians hoping to get familiar with the SAT and SAT prep. Snap on the catch beneath to enroll for one of our livestreams today! Step by step instructions to Use SAT Math Study Materials Effectively: 6 Tips It's similarly as imperative to realize how to best use your SAT examination materials all things considered to realize how to get to them. These six hints will assist you with accomplishing your most noteworthy SAT Math score on test day. #1: Take a Full Practice Test in One Sitting You're likely generally worried about your SAT Math score, however it's as yet essential to take a full SAT practice test so you can perceive how you'll admission on test day. Albeit noting a couple of Math questions probably won't be an over the top test for you, in truth the SAT is a long distance race and on the off chance that you aren't readied, you'll likely be depleted before its finish. What's more, depletion can lead anybody to commit errors! So before you commit your concentration to the SAT Math segment, take an official SAT practice test to perceive how your Math score fits into the bigger test-taking picture. Make a point to step through the entire exam at a time; this will assist you with building perseverance for test day. #2: Use Proper Timing and Pace Yourself As you take SAT practice tests and any Math-explicit segments, make certain to utilize a similar time limits you'll have on

Coping With Social Anxiety Stigma

Coping With Social Anxiety Stigma Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print Coping With Social Anxiety Stigma By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 06, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 09, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children g-stockstudio/istock Social anxiety stigma is no different than the stigma surrounding any other mental health disorder. While the stigma may take a slightly different form than, say, that against schizophrenia or borderline personality disorder (BPD), the outcome is the sameâ€"people are made to feel shame about a problem over which they have little control. In the case of social anxiety disorder (SAD), the very thing that people fear the mostâ€"negative evaluation by othersâ€"becomes their reality. Its not enough that their own minds cause them to worry endlessly about what others think, but now they have confirmation that people do in fact have negative opinions about them. Even though we live in an age when there are effective treatments for many mental illnesses, social anxiety included, people still go months, years, decades, and even lifetimes without ever receiving treatment. Its an unfortunate situation that will only be reversed by bringing mental health into the forefront of medical care and public perception. What Is Stigma? Lets back up a bit. What exactly is stigma? In the  simplest sense, stigma refers to devaluing a person based on some characteristic of that person. We typically might think of stigma as related to being of a certain ethnic background or coming from a certain economic class.   In the case of mental illness, stigma may be present in the general public but also among healthcare professionals. In this way, if you think of a person with social anxiety disorder, they may face criticism from friends and family members for not performing well socially and may face a doctor who misses symptoms or brushes them off. Stigma can also be thought of as related to the person with the illness or the act of seeking treatment. A person with SAD may be stigmatized for having symptoms of social anxiety, but also may experience stigma for seeking help for a problem that some may feel is all in their head or that everyone deals with. Social Anxiety Stigma Weve already touched on this a bit, but social anxiety stigma tends to involve the idea that social anxiety is normal and avoidable. Its just shyness after all, right? You may face patronizing attitudes from friends or family who dont believe anxiety is a real problem and that you should be able to get over it on your own. Among children and teenagers, there may even be bullying or cruelty as part of stigma aimed at those with social anxiety. Rather than feeling sympathetic, some may choose to put down kids or teens they view as weak or socially awkward. What Are the Effects of Stigma? Unfortunately, the effects of stigma related to social anxiety disorder are numerous. Below is a list of some of the most pressing issues that stigma brings to the forefront. Problems with self-esteem. People who live with stigma about social anxiety are more likely to experience low self-esteem, low self-efficacy, and poorer quality of life, according to a 2015 study in the American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. Non-evidenced-based treatments.  When a disorder is poorly diagnosed or undiagnosed, this can lead a person to seek alternative treatments that may not have scientific backing. Failure to seek treatment.  Most people with social anxiety disorder are afraid to admit they have a problem, and stigma only makes this worse. You may fear effects on your job and relationships as a result of admitting that you have a problem. Misdiagnosis. Stigma may lead doctors to misdiagnose SAD, particularly if they fail to take symptoms of the disorder seriously, or fail to ask about them at all (after all, what socially anxious patient is likely to bring up the problem on their own)? Both the public and health professionals may fail to recognize social anxiety as a disorder or believe that it is just normal shyness. Mismanagement. Stigma may cause a doctor not to fully investigate symptoms or lead to a poor understanding of appropriate treatments.   Creates barriers to care.  External stigma may be internalized in people with social anxiety, making them even less likely to seek treatment. If you start to feel bad about the way you are feeling, you will be less apt to admit you have a problem and try to get help for it. Creates an unsupportive environment.  Mental health issues are best treated within a supportive atmosphere. Stigma creates an environment lacking support, such that it is difficult to reach out for help. If you have a mental health issue, support is key, especially in the early stages. Imagine, as a person with SAD, calling up your doctor and being spoken to in a critical way by the receptionist?   Suicidal ideation.  In a worst-case scenario, a person may feel unable to get help due to stigma and have thoughts of suicide, particularly if SAD is combined with another mental health issue such as depression or bipolar disorder. Seek Treatment With the 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups Source  of Stigma We can begin to better understand how to counteract stigma by learning what causes it. In general, the main cause of stigma is lack of understanding. This lack of understanding may result because a person has never experienced mental illness themselves or because they are not aware of the types of mental disorders that exist (or that social anxiety disorder is one of them). How to Reduce Stigma Now, we get to the most important messageâ€"how can we reduce stigma related to social anxiety disorder? Its not going to be a simple fix, unfortunately, and will require changes in attitudes through education. Below are some steps that can be taken by you, the public, and the mental health professions to work toward reducing the impact of stigma: Public service messages.  Yes, thats rightâ€"good old public service messages. Think of these as like commercials for the better good. If they get out there and are heard enough times, the message starts to get across. While in the past these have typically been on television or radio, new media and social media has provided lots of channels to get the message out. When is the last time you shared a mental health post on your Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram account? Talk about your struggles.  Yikes! Sounds scary perhaps, but imagine if everyone with SAD told one other person about something they went through. The elephant in the room might finally go poof, and the disorder that hides in the shadows might see some light. When is the last time you told a story about your social anxiety? You might be surprised who can relate or who might have a story too. Encourage people to read books.  Yes, it can really be that simple. Encourage your friends, family, colleagues, neighbors to read true stories about mental illness. These books can be eye-opening experiences, particularly for those who have never experienced such things first-hand. If you are a family member of someone with mental illness, read these books yourself. Share your experience as a celebrity.  Thank you Donny Osmond, Barbra Streisand, Zack Greinke, Jonathan Knight and others for your candid sharing of your struggles. If you are a celebrity with social anxiety, tell stories or write a book about what youve been through. People look up to you and you have the chance to help reduce stigma surrounding this disorder. Be open.  This applies to everyone, but lets direct it at the public and the mental health professionals. To the publicâ€"be open to the possibility that not everyone experiences life the way you do. Be open to learning about and understanding the struggles of the mentally ill. To mental health professionalsâ€"be open to the possibility that the person sitting in your office may have a different problem they are not sharing. Ask questions about social anxiety symptoms and take the answers seriously. Break the silence.  Worldwide, lets work toward breaking the silence about mental health  for social anxiety disorder and all mental illness. Lets follow in the footsteps of countries such as Australia and the UK that are working toward integrating mental health care and therapy as part of routine care. A Word From Verywell Are you feeling motivated to reduce stigma toward social anxiety and mental illness? Or are you a person living with undiagnosed social anxiety hoping for an opportunity to share your story and obtain help? Regardless of your situation, there are numerous baby steps that you can take to help reduce stigma or move toward self-disclosure. Consider your options, choose the smallest step you can take that will get you moving in the right direction, and then take action.

The Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck Essay - 1559 Words

John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath and Paul Thomas Anderson’s There Will Be Blood both explore the concept of the human condition and the qualities undermining the circumstances of our sentient through the gripping lives of the two leading protagonists. John Steinbeck explores Tom Joad as the main protagonist in The Grapes of Wrath and connects his character with the audience through his significantly adjuring transformation from ‘ex-con’ to selfless family man throughout the text. Inversely, Paul Thomas Anderson explores Daniel Plainview as the main protagonist in There Will Be Blood and connects his character with the audience through unquestionable toughness and a considerable, enthralling transformation from imposing businessman to selfish psychopath. Similarly, these two texts are based in times of hardship, The Grapes of Wrath is fixed during the great depression and There Will Be Blood is set during the early 1900’s when mining was difficult . The two authors use the hardships of their main protagonist to demonstrate the different ways in which humans can become affected by the pathway chosen regarding feeling and emotion. Through the complexity of the two main protagonists, the authors make direct opinions toward the human condition and the ability to change persona through risky decisions and family influence. The opening few scenes in each text describes the persona of each main protagonist and perfectly represents the qualities they already posses. AndersonShow MoreRelatedThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pages The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck, widely viewed as one of the most finest and powerful American writer, born to a middle-class family in 1902 in the Salinas Valley of California. Steinbeck is a writer who often spoke for the people. The Grapes of Wrath is a great movie, published in 1939, filled with many universal truths and views on human nature and society, especially where class is concerned. In the article, John Steinbeck The Grapes a wrath: A Call to Action says, â€Å"Steinbeck’s novel showcasedRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1075 Words   |  5 PagesKirsten Lloyd Mr. Eldridge AP Junior English 21 August 2014 Grapes of Wrath â€Å"Sometimes even to live is an act of courage.† (Seneca), In the 1939 novel, The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, the reader accompanies the Joad family as they struggle to escape the crippling Dust Bowl of the mid- 1930’s. In hopes of establishing a new life for themselves after being forced off their land the family embark on a journey from Oklahoma to California in search of fruitful crops and steady work alongRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1563 Words   |  7 Pages John Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes of Wrath, depicts a migrant farming family in the 1930s. During this time, life revolved around the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl, making circumstances difficult for almost everyone involved, especially those who had little. This time of drought and despair caused people to lose hope in everything they’ve ever known, even themselves, but those who did not, put their hope in the â€Å"promised land† of California. Here, the grass was thought to be truly greenerRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1189 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† Shortly after being released John Steinbeck’s book â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† was banned because many critics viewed the novel as promoting communist propaganda, or socialist ideas. The ideas that many of these critics point to is Steinbeck’s depiction of the Big Banks/ Businesses as monsters, the comparison of Government camps to a utopia in contrast of the makeshift â€Å"Hoovervilles,† and the theme of the community before the individual, In his novel â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† John SteinbeckRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1093 Words   |  5 Pages In John Steinbeck s The Grapes of Wrath, Tom Joad and his family are forced from their home during the 1930’s Oklahoma Dust Bowl and set out for California along with thousands of others in search of jobs, land, and hope for a brighter future. The Grapes of Wrath is Steinbeck’s way to expound about the injustice and hardship of real migrants during the Depression-era. H e utilizes accurate factual information, somber imagery, and creates pathos, allowing readers connections to the Joad’s plightRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1190 Words   |  5 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath April 14th, 1939, John Steinbeck published the novel, The Grapes of Wrath. The novel became an immediate best seller, with selling over 428,900 copies. Steinbeck, who lived through both the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl, sought to bring attention to how families of Oklahoma outdid these disasters. Steinbeck focuses on families of Oklahoma, including the Joads family, who reside on a farm. The Joad family is tested with hardship when life for them on their farm takesRead MoreThe Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck702 Words   |  3 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s use of the intercalary chapters in The Grapes of Wrath helps weave the reader’s sympathy of the Joad family into a more broad sympathy for the migrant farmers as a whole, in the hopes that the readers would then be compelled to act upon what they have read. During the Great Depression, people had a big disconnect about what was happening in various parts of the country. People often struggle to find sympathy for events when they can’t even visualize a person who is suffering throughRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck2144 Words   |  9 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath is a well-known beloved novel of American Literature, written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939. Whoever said a road is just a road has not read The Grapes of Wrath. From the time we read when Tom Joad, novel’s protagonist, returns home after four years in prison; the meaning of roads changed. Route 66, also known as the mother road the road of flight, was a lifeline road, which allowed thousands of families to pursue their hopes and dreams. This road is also the road thatRead MoreThe Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck1014 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes of Wrath, was first written and later published in the 1939. Fr om the time of its publication to date, the exemplary yet a simple book has seen Steinbeck win a number of highly coveted awards including Pulitzer Prize in 1940 and later on Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962. Set at the time of the Great Depression, the book most remarkably gives a descriptive account of the Oklahoma based sharecropper Joad’ poor family in the light of economic hardship, homelessnessRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1064 Words   |  5 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath, originated from a John Steinbeck’s book, a legendary film that focus on a major point of American history. The story follows the Joad family on their journey to California trying to survive the hardships. This film, focus on the social problems of America like the Dust bowl, The Great Depression, and industrialism. The Grapes of Wrath was filmed in a journalistic-documentary style, which displayed the realism of the epidemic in the thirties. The thirties the period The Grapes

Stop Surfing and Start Moving! - 770 Words

â€Å"If you have time to watch television and surf the net, then you definitely have time to do physical activities. There is no excuse.† Do physical activities help people feel healthier? Yes, because physical activities help the people to reduce the fat in their body, maintain healthy lives, and they also help them improve their good mood. There are several types of physical activities: aerobic activities, cardio workouts, yoga, and vigorous-intensity activities. Each of them has different benefits. Generally, in order to maintain the healthy life, people should do physical activities at least thirty minutes per day or five days a week. This essay describes the benefits of physical activities and gives the tips to live a better life. Physical activities are beneficial for human health because they will make a person feel happy and comfortable, improve memory, and protect from dangerous diseases. Physical activities are beneficial for human health because they make a person feel happy and comfortable. Walking is the easiest workout that the people can do every day for an hour. If a person goes to the gym or works out at home regularly, then he or she can burn more calories, so it would allow him or her to eat more calories. Because exercise enhances the blood flow to the skin, person look and feel younger than his or her actual age, so he or she can wear own choice’s clothes, which makes a person feel happy. Physical activities are good for teenagers as well as older people.Show MoreRelatedThe Physics Of Natural Space1620 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Time-Sensitive Architecture â€Å" IN RESEARCH OF NATURAL SPACE I could only hear my heart beating; the time seemed to stop when I was riding in the wave tube. Furthermore, I experienced the dynamic space when my body was being enclosed by the wave. I began noticing the dynamic relationship between my body, the wave, space, and time after I started surfing and interacted with nature. The wave changed every second with the ocean’s perpetual motion. My consciousness of time was piqued, the sunlightRead More Film Essay - Cultural Turmoil in Francis Ford Coppola’s Movie, Apocalypse Now1637 Words   |  7 Pagestelevision, the political demonstrations, the movements, even the arrival of psychedelic drugs, all escalated the nation in a way that was unprecedented. Coppola brought that heightened sense of awareness to the cinematic experience. The film starts with a song â€Å"The End† by the Doors. The lyrics of the song, written by the infamous Jim Morrison, describe a story like Oedipus: â€Å"I’ll never look into your eyes†¦again†, â€Å"Father, yes son, I want to kill you†. 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For instance, if middle school students are victims of living inside a poor country, their academic resources are limited. This means, from their view, moving from middle school and into high school sounds like a form ofRead More history of surfing Essay3388 Words   |  14 Pagesspeed away from the winds that they came from, moving across the deeps until they feel the drag of the shallows near the coast. As the swells rise up out of themselves, they peak, curling into the liquid dreams that we surfers ride (Kampton 4). Surfing is not a sport, and no true surfer would ever claim otherwise. Yes, it requires all the essential elements of a sport; strength, discipline, balance and most of all practice but unlike a sport, surfing isn’t a competition. True, even most surfers referRead MoreThe Effects Of Electronic Devices On Children And Adolescents Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pages1) Just another hour, please! This is what most parents hear from their children/adolescent every time it is time to stop using an electronic device. Children and adolescents today spend â€Å"1 to 3 hours per day during the week and between 1 to 4 hours per day on the weekends† (Kappos, A.D. pg. 556) on computer games, viewing videos, watching television and internet surfing to name a few. The use of electronic devices has changed the life of children/adolescent and have exposed them to a volatileRead MoreThe Effects Of Electronic Devices On Children And Adolescents Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesJust another hour, please! This is what most parents hear from their children/adolescent every time it is time to stop using an electronic device. Children and adolescents today spend â€Å"1 to 3 hours per day during the week and between 1 to 4 hours per day on the weekends† (Kappos, A.D. pg. 556) on computer games, viewing videos, watching television and internet surfing to name a few. The use of electronic devices has changed the life of children/adolescent and have exposed them to a volatile andRead MoreTobacco Companies Using Advertising Tactics That Target Teenagers1487 Words   |  6 Pagesthat consuming it wouldn’t cause any harm even when medical statistics were coming out to light. Smoking cigarettes has been part of American Culture for centuries and no body is about to stop this consumption because of several statistics. Many people that knew about this controversy didn’t know a way to stop it, only that it would continue to be part of an american’s l ife. 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Don t you just hate it when you always seem to find yourself running out of time? Oh yes, I ve tried the to-do list. I try to do this every night before I go to bed, although I must admit that there are days when I can t even do this. But yes, I do the list. Some days, if I m not careful, I d have a whole list ready to pop onto that page - my mind is that full of things

Nutrition and Fitness Paper Free Essays

First step to a healthier new me would be to change my current fitness habit, which is not much other than teaching dance and walking to adding more activity to my week without losing sleep. After looking at what my current fitness routine is teaching two and half hours of dance a week and walking a week for two and half hours I noticed I needed to add more activity to my week. Within that first step is to set a goal of how much time is needed to be achieved a week and how much time is available to achieve that goal. We will write a custom essay sample on Nutrition and Fitness Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Know at least thirty minutes every day is a healthy goal of activity. So adding at least one hour a week of an activity Is what I need to do. So adding WI Dance Routine twice a week for one hour will help out and give me an extra amount to achieve the goal and go above and beyond the goal. Second step is to improve the area of nutrition, I eat the three meals a day and I even snack a bit for the extra energy kick needed for the day. But nutritional habits are a lot like fitness habits, it focuses on eating right and exercising right. Habits are created to improve or even decrease who we are. So creating a healthy habit is essential to achieve the goal set in front of us. Poor nutrition can lead to obesity which can lead to medical problems in years to come. A normal family’s lifestyle can result to unhealthy eating habits with stops at fast food chains. Families need that cooking time together to eat In a healthier way and create positive habits among the parents and the children. I know my eating habits still to this day are affected by my eating habits as a child. My mother worked day and night and my dad also worked long days and sometime nights. So dinner was to a none cooked meal, sometimes It was McDonald’s or pizza. So now Tanat I work more than the average forty hour work week, I sometimes slip and eat that fast food because it is there and easy. Knowing that I know I need to make the changes to change my bad habits. Fitting healthy habits into a hectic life is not easy but following a few steps to get more nutrition and fitness in a hectic life is necessary for any person who wants to make their fifth birthday. Here are a few things that can be put into play right now that can make healthy habits an easy part of the day to day routine. Areas that I have started to make improvements in my own health is in red and highlighted to show how little steps can make big steps later in life. Guarani Ph. D (n. D. ) 1. Drink water throughout the day (doing my best currently) 2. Cut back on the amount of soda and coffee drank in the day (already made some cut backs) 3. Replace high sugar foods with low sugar versions 4. Stock up on healthy, portable snacks (eating better snacks during my day) 5. Take the time to plan healthy meals for the week 6. Purchase frozen, ready to cook ingredients 7. Pack your lunch the night before 8. Cook double batches of what your cooking 9. Give yourself some slack 10. Fit in exercise as much as you can (trying to add more fitness in during a busy work week) 11. Take a walk break during the day (getting up at work and Just walking around the office to stretch) 12. Whenever possible, walk (parking further in parking lots when I can to increase walking) 13. Get enough sleep (trying for more than six hours, tough but trying) Now going through this list I see many areas I can do to improve my health and I also see those ways can help improve my fitness levels and my stress level at the same time too. By adding some or all of these new healthy habits into my lifestyle today, it can improve the way I feel in no time at all. Making small steps for me can help promote a new look on my weight management and by doing that it will give me more energy during the day to increase my fitness plan for adding more fitness to my week. Those new habits would help diminish the old habits that have been taught or created over the years by my parent’s poor habits. My mother and her mother were not small people and I don’t want that type of life. They were not obese people but they were not healthy either, obesity is not Just being overweight. Obesity can lead to medical problems beyond weight. Obesity can lead to heart conditions, leg problems, back problems, and even mental problems. This is onto life I want and I want to make the changes now before it changes me. While reading the New York Times today, I came across this article that the government tells people how to eat better is to eat less. â€Å"The latest nutrition guidelines released Monday by the federal government reiterates of the advice from previous years: eat less salt and saturated fats, eat more fruits and vegetables and hole grains† (Martin, 2011, Para. ). With this information they tell us by eating the Dad we wall never lose ten welling Just Keep It on, unless you cut Deck Ana eat some more of the better. At the end of the article the writer states it simple â€Å"Cut back on the cheese, hamburgers, pizza, cookies and pastries† (Martin, 2011, Para. 23). So Just cutting back can change your life. Conclusion Like kids, adults need to make t he right food choices to be healthy and must exercise to be healthy. Even in a busy lifestyle they need to make the correct choices f they, plan to live pas the age of fifty years old. My family created poor habits for myself and my brother and both of us noticed the problem and knew it had to change now rather than later. More adults are battling obesity today more than ever and that is because of the busy lifestyle we all lead. By making the changes now as young adults or adults in their mid thirties they can learn how to eat properly and exercise, better to make it to fifty years old healthier than they could of before the changes. Adults must exercise as much as they can, even with a busy lifestyle. How to cite Nutrition and Fitness Paper, Papers

The First Two Years of Life free essay sample

He proposed three stages in psychosexual development: oral, anal, phallic. Erikson’s theory is psychosocial. From birth until about one and a half the child is going through the oral sensory stage. More about these theories and discussing the first two years of a child’s life will be discussed further on in this essay. The first two years of a child’s life is always the fastest. The baby quadrupled in weight, grown taller by more that a foot, and sprouted a new head of hair. A change in attitude will definitely be recognizable as well (Berger, pg. 121). Biosocial Development covers the growth and developments that take place in the body, as well as the biological, social, cultural, and environmental elements affecting this growth and development. During the first 2 years of life, biosocial development occurs at a rapid pace. When a child is born the head is really the heaviest and biggest part of its body. Baby fat is stored to keep the brain nourished if teething or the sniffles interfere with eating. (Berger, pg. 124) It is always good to know a baby’s percentile. Percentile is a point on a ranking scale of 0 to 100 (Berger, pg. 24). It will tell you if the baby is a normal weight at birth. In order for the brain to mature it has to go through something called experience-expectant brain functions. An infant is expected to have this is order to develop normally. Meaning that and infant will have things to see, objects to manipulate, and people to love them. Some don’t have it and have something called experience-dependent brain functions. By age two the brain has developed to two-thirds of what it will weigh by adulthood and has increased to five times the density it was at birth. What began as involuntary movement and reflexes at birth, by 6 months have become voluntary movements. By 2 years the fine motor skills are beginning to develop. Gross motor skills involve the large muscles of the body that enable such functions as crawling, kicking, sitting upright and rolling over. It is a little harder for an infant to walk because they are top heavy and their thighs are too big to support their little feet. Most infants, starting at nine months begins to learn how to walk. Fine motor skills are necessary to engage in smaller, more precise movements, normally using the hands and fingers. Fine motor skills are different than gross motor skills which require less precision to perform. This is the childs ability to use small muscles, specifically their hands and fingers, to pick up small objects, hold a spoon, turn pages in a book, or use a crayon to draw. Jean Piaget was a Swiss biologist, philosopher, and psychologist best known for his work in the area of developmental psychology. Even though he divided cognitive growth and development into fixed stages we are focusing on the first two years. His first two years was described as the sensorimotor stage. This is when the child is interacting through physical actions such as sucking, grabbing, pushing, and shaking. The first two stages of sensorimotor intelligence involve primary circular reactions, which involve the child’s own body (Berger, pg. 45). During this stage infants realize that objects still exist when out of sight. Piaget described four distinct periods of cognitive development. The first begins at birth and ends at about 24 months. Piaget called it sensorimotor intelligence because infants learn through their senses and motor skills (Berger, pg. 153). The first two stages Primary circular reactions involve the child’s own body. This stage involves his reflexes such as grasping, sucking, staring, and listening. This stage usually lasts a month. Stage two is when the baby deciphers what kind of sucking to do differently. For example, the child may evidently suck a pacifier differently than sucking a bottle. Stages three and four are called the secondary circular reactions. This is where the baby interacts with something else. Stage three is from four to eight months. They discover â€Å"exciting things† which is new to them and they tend to make things last. When they see mommy coming in the room smiling with a bottle the child will make some kind of reaction because they know that its feeding time. Stage four is from eight months to a year. The child is becoming more deliberate and purposeful in responding to people and objects. (Berger pg. 154) Stages five and six are called tertiary circular reactions. Stage five the child is more experimentive. They will flush things down the toilet, take apart things, and putting things in places where they naturally do not belong. They are referred as â€Å"little scientist† in chapter 6. Stage six the child copies the behavior of what they see. This is known as deferred imitation. A child’s emotion changes during the first two years. At first the child has periodic cries like when they are wet, hungry or tired. But as they get older they emotions changes over time. Around when the child is 6 weeks old they will give a little social smile. When they are 9 months they are getting stranger wariness. This is when a stranger appears or unfamiliar face comes around they start to cry. When the child is a year old they do not only fear unfamiliar faces but anything unexpected such as a phone ringing, flushing toilet, and jack-in-the-box. As a child grows they are learning more about themselves which is known as self- awareness. According to Freud birth to the first year of life is the oral stage (psychosexual) because the child receives much satisfaction from the mouth, more feeding and sucking. Therefore Erikson called the first year trust vs. mistrust. This is when infants learn that their world can be trust to satisfy basic needs (Berger, pg. 187). Freud’s anal stages, occurs in the second year, talks about toilet training is the most important activity. The child basically learns how to use the toilet on his own and knows how to control their needs to go. Erikson describes the second year as autonomy vs. shame and doubt. At 18 months a child wants â€Å"self-rule† over their own bodies and actions (Berger, pg. 187). If they don’t have it they will feel shame and doubtful about the things they do. Ethnotheory is a theory that is embedded in a particular culture or ethnic group. Every culture does or believes things differently. This leads to how frequently parents should carry and cuddle their babies. Proximal parenting is being physically close to a baby, mostly holding. Proximal parenting also usually leads to â€Å"spoiling the child. Holding the child too much may cause them to become too attached. For instance, if a child is frequently being picked up and carried and held, the child will get too used to it and will want to be carried all the time. Distal parenting is keeping distance- providing toys, talking face to face instead of touching or sitting them in front of the television. During the first year starting a t birth attachment is started between the newborn and the parents. Children show a lot of attachment by approaching or following their parent, which is called proximity-seeking or contact maintaining (such as touching, snuggling, or holding). Just as the child shows attachment to the parents, the parents show attachment to the child. They will get up in the middle of the night and check on their baby or they will rub their child’s hand or cheek during the day, letting the child know that they are there. In conclusion, so many things happen over the first two years of life from growth to attachment. You will be amazed at the amazing changes that happen in life. I have actually learned a lot about a child’s first two years while doing this essay. We saw how the body changes, motor skills, learned Piaget’s sensorimotor intelligence, and the development of social bonds.

The It Professionals Role In Competitive Market Intelligence Essays

The It Professional's Role In Competitive Market Intelligence Abstract The successful company will be driven to increase stakeholder value and profitability while creating a working environment that encourages and nurtures the growth of personal creativity and development as well as nurturing a sense of well-being for all members of the organization. When dealing with the forces that drive industry competition, a company can devise a strategy that takes the offensive. This posture is designed to do more than merely cope with the forces themselves; it is meant to alter their causes. The IT professional's role in competitive market intelligence The IT professional is increasingly being called upon to be a sleuth in the quest for the competitive market intelligence that is so necessary to support the enterprise's overall business strategy. In today's fast-changing marketplace, it is essential to monitor the techniques of similar businesses, and IT is being called upon to fulfill that functional need. IT must provide marketing with answers to vital questions such as: 1. How are competitors getting business? 2. Where does the enterprise look for new customers? 3. How are prospects targeted? 4. What services, products, and prices do competitors offer? 5. What images do our competitors project, and how does that compare to our image? The combined strength of marketing and IT Enterprises have depended on marketing for too long to provide competitive intelligence. It is crucial for IT professionals to contribute their specialized expertise to successfully adapt to the changing dynamics of the market arena. Marketing cannot do the job without the cooperation, tools, and willing support of the IT department. With the combined strength of the two complementary functions, a winning competitive market intelligence program is within the enterprise's reach. Useful and sometimes surprising insights can be gained from exploring the terrain of actual and potential competitors. Hardly an academic exercise, sizing up the competition should become an ongoing, regular, and systematic process of gathering, analyzing, and acting upon relevant data, which will provide businesses with two tangible benefits: It will reveal the steps that management must take to preempt competitive strikes. It will signal new market opportunities. Competitive monitoring enables management to develop practical strategies and measure the success of their actions. What you should know Simply knowing who your competitors are is not enough; you should also ferret out what their strategies and objectives are. You can gauge their strengths and weaknesses by learning about their products and services (current and new), pricing, features, and the level of customer satisfaction. How are your products or services positioned relative to the competition? Do your customers and prospects see your service as having the highest quality and still selling at the lower price? Is your product viewed as the low-cost brand, the premium-priced brand, the old standby, or the leader? After getting some comments, it may still be neither possible nor desirable to change your service's features. Instead, research could point out what to communicate and how to communicate to your market. For example, you could tell your marketing department what potential customers are looking for and highlight the features that are valued by your customers. Your information will enable the marketing people to create materials that tell customers what they want to hear and sell them what they want to buy. Differences can be subtle but they really do matter. Are yesterday's customers and clients being lured away by today's competition? Are they being tempted by the competition's siren song? Are they saying yes to your rival's lower fees or discounts? Are they buying new products or services that your company has not even thought of offering? Who will provide the answers? IT can, at the very least, provide meaningful data to formulate the correct solutions. Potential market threats While management understands the importance of keeping an eye on the competition, some members of management mistakenly believe that the marketing department alone has the resources to do a proper job. This is simply not true. Much valuable information exists in the database mines of the IT function. The IT professional must do some of the digging in those mines to find it. Most IT professionals are already in an excellent position to obtain and use primary competitive

Algebra in Day to Day Life Essay Example

Algebra in Day to Day Life Essay Example Algebra in Day to Day Life Essay Algebra in Day to Day Life Essay shows him to be _______________ (a) a ruthless manipulator (b) an honourable man (c) a loyal friend (d) a tactful man Answer 5(10): (c) a loyal friend Question 6(a): How do the heavens blaze forth the death of Julius Caesar? Answer 6(a): Calpurnia sees horrible and frightening dreams. She saw a lioness giving birth on the streets, fierce warriors fighting a bloody fight and blood falling on the Capitol, ghosts shrieking and squealing in the streets, the dead coming out of the grave. All these were unnatural happenings and indicated bad omen. Thus heavens â€Å"blaze forth† the death of Julius Caesar. Question 6(b): What does Calpurnia try to convince Caesar of? Answer 6(b): Calpurnia tries to convince Caesar that he should not go out of the house that day as some mishap might happen. She describes her frightening dreams to Caesar and tells him that they indicate bad omen. She tells him for his safety he should not step out of the house. Question 6(c): Why does Calpurnia say Caesars wisdom is consumed in confidence? What does she mean? Answer 6(c): Calpurnia says that Caesars wisdom is consumed in confidence because Caesar decides to go to the Senate ignoring all the signs which foretell him about danger. Calpurnia felt that Caesar had become overconfident and because of this he couldn’t understand there was a threat to his life. Julius doesn’t act wise and declines the idea of staying back because if he did so, he would be considered a coward Question 6(d): What does Calpurnia dream about Caesar? How does Decius Brutus interpret the dream? Answer 6(d): Calpurnia dreamed that Caesar’s statue spouted blood from a hundred places and many Roman people came and washed their hands in it. Decius Brutus interprets it as a lucky and fortunate dream. He says that Rome and Romans will get a new life. Great man shall gather around Caesar and stain their handkerchief in his blood. Distinguished men will get honour at his hands and everything relating to him will be held in utmost reverence. Question 6(e): What are the arguments put forward by Decius Brutus to convince Caesar to go to the Capitol? Answer 6(e): Decius Brutus is a clever man. The arguments put forward by Decius Brutus were that the Senate had decided to present Caesar a crown and if he did not go, then they might change their minds. All this convinces Caesar to go to the Capitol. Question 6(f): Why is Decius more successful than Calpurnia in persuading Caesar? Answer 6(f): Decius Brutus is a great flatterer. He is more successful in persuading Caesar than Calpurnia because his argument appeals to Caesar’s pride. While Calpurnia wishes that Caesar stay at home after seeing horrible dreams, Decius Brutus interprets the dreams lucky and fortunate. According to him, they signify Caesar’s power and influence. He gives Caesar’s ego a boost. Caesar is totally carried away by his words and decides to go to the Capitol. Question 6(g): What is the petition put before Caesar by the conspirators? How does Caesar respond to it? Answer 6(g): The conspirators want that Caesar should call Publius Cimber home as he had banished him. They request him to review his earlier decision. However, Caesar is no mood to relent. He tells the conspirators that he is firm like a Pole Star. His heart will not be softened by bowing and stooping activities and if Mettellus Cimber continues such activities, he would turn him away like a street dog. Question 6(h): Who says Et tu Brute? When are these words spoken? Why? Answer 6(h): These words are spoken by Caesar when Brutus along with other conspirators stabs Caesar. Caesar was stabbed in the Senate House and Brutus too stabs him. Caesar had not expected Brutus to behave in such a treacherous manner. As he tries to defend himself, with his broken heart, he says ‘Et tu Brute’. Question 6(i): In the moments following Caesars death what do the conspirators proclaim to justify Caesars death? Answer 6(i): After Caesar’s death, the conspirators claim that with Caesar’s death tyranny has ended in Rome. They shout slogans like ‘Peace, Liberty, Freedom and Enfranchisement’. They say that although Caesar was a great man, he had become too ambitious. Question 6(j): Seeing the body of Caesar, Antony is overcome by grief. What does he say about Caesar? Answer 6(j): Antony is filled with grief and sorrow on seeing mighty Caesar lying on the ground. He says â€Å"O mighty Caesar! Dost thou lie so low? / Are all they conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils,/ Shrunk to this little measure? / Fare thee well. † He said he was totally ignorant of the conspirator’s intentions. He is willing to die at their hands. His life is not as valuable as Caesar’s and he will think himself as fortunate if he is killed by the same sword as the one which killed Caesar. He bids Caesar a sorrowful farewell. He believed that Caesar brought glories, victories and gains in war to the city of Rome. Question 6(k): Whom does Antony call the choice and master spirits of this age? Why? Answer 6(k): Antony calls the conspirators â€Å"the choice and master spirits of this age†. He says this because they had just killed the leader of the Roman Empire Question 6(l): How do Brutus and Cassius respond to Antonys speech? Answer 6(l): Cassius tells Brutus to prevent him to speak at Caesar’s funeral. He knew that Antony was a great orator and his speech will influence the audience. At this Brutus tells that he will address the public first giving reasons for Caesar’s death. Antony will only speak after him and with their consent Question 6(m): Why does Cassius object to allowing Antony to speak at Caesars funeral? How does Brutus overcome this objection? Answer 6(m): Cassius does not think it would be proper Antony should speak at Caesar’s funeral as his speech may change the mind of the audience. But Brutus tells that Antony would only speak with their consent and he will speak first and his speech will enumerate reasons for Caesar’s death. Question 6(n): What are the conditions imposed by the conspirators before allowing Antony to speak at Caesars funeral? Answer 6(n): The conditions imposed on Mark Antony were that in his funeral speech he would not blame the conspirators, but speak all good things about Caesar. He had to speak from the same pulpit as Brutus and tell the people that he did so by the conspirators’ permission. Question 6(o): When he is left alone with the body of Caesar what does Anthony call Brutus and the others? Answer 6(o): Antony prays that Caesar will pardon Antony if he has been meek and gentle with his murderers. Antony calls Caesar the most illustrious man the world has ever known. He curses the men who have killed him. Question 6(p): What prediction does Antony make regarding the future events in Rome? Answer 6(p): Antony says that the Romans will pay for the sin they have committed by murdering Caesar. A curse will fall upon them. The Romans will suffer from various terrible happenings. A furious civil war with bloodshed and destruction will occur in the country. Cruel deeds will be committed frequently. Mothers shall see their near and dear ones cut to pieces before their eyes. The soul of Caesar will roam to seek revenge of his death Question 6(q): What reasons does Brutus give for murdering Caesar? Answer 6(q): Brutus tells that he killed Caesar because he had become ambitious and wanted to be the king of Rome. He killed Caesar for the betterment of Rome. He was also ready to lay down his life for his country. He honoured Caesar as long as he was heroic but when he became ambitious he killed him. Question 6(r): Who says, Let him be Caesar? What light does this throw on the speaker? Answer 6(r): The third citizen says Let him be Caesar after Brutus has finished his speech justifying Caesar’s killing. Brutus in his speech proclaims that the public can kill him if he too becomes ambitious like Caesar. He has the same dagger for himself and he is willing to lay down his life for his country. The citizens are fully satisfied. They praise Brutus and show their sympathy for the act. Question 6(s): Why is Antonys speech more effective? Answer 6(s): Antony speech is more effective because it is genuine and full of emotions and feelings for Caesar. He very cleverly tells the crowd that Caesar was not ambitious rather he had refused the crown thrice. He enhanced the glory of Rome with his victories. He left 75 drachmas in his will to be given to every Roman. He left his gardens and property for the common use of the people. He tries to gain the sympathy of the people by showing Caesar’s wounded body. The mob is filled with anger after Antony’s speech and they rush to kill the conspirators Question 6(t): At the end of the scene what is the fate of Brutus and Cassius? Answer 6(t): After Antony’s speech, the mob is filled with anger. They rush to kill the conspirators. They burn their houses. Cassius and Brutus plan to face the enemy and discuss their strategy inside a tent. However, both start to quarrel violently but soon become friends. Cassius cannot handle defeat and commits suicide. The ghost of Caesar haunts Brutus. Brutus knows his end is near. He asks Starto to hold his sword, runs on it and dies Answer 7: Person| Extract from play| What it tells us about the character | Julius Caesar| 1. the things that threaten’ d me Ne’er look’d but on my back; when they shall see The face of Caesar, they are vanished. | 1. arrogant| | 2. Cowards die many times before their deaths;The valiant never taste of death but once. | 2. over-confident| | 3. What can be avoidedWhose end is purposed by the mighty gods? Yet Caesar shall go forth; for these predictionsAre to the world in general as to Caesar. | 3. fearless| | 4. I could be well moved, if I were as you:If I could pray to move, prayers would move me:But I am constant as the northern star,Of whose true-fixd and resting qualityThere is no fellow in the firmament. | 4. firm| | 5. Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils,Shrunk to this little measure? | 5. great conqueror| | 6. To every Roman citizen he gives,To every several man, seventy-five drachmas. | 6. generous| Person| Extract from play| What it tells us about the character | Mark Antony | 1. That I did love thee, Caesar, O, tis true:If then thy spirit look upon us now,? He would not take the crown;Therefore tis certain he was not ambitious. | Argument | 1. I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. | Does not wish to eulogise Caesar| 2. The noble Brutus Hath told you Caesar was ambitious: If it were so, it was a grievous fault, And grievously hath Caesar answered it. ? (b) What fears has the listener expressed? (c) What is the basis for the fears expressed? Answer 10(1): (a) Caesar is speaking to his wife Calpurnia. He speaks these words in response to Calpurnia’s pleadings that he should not go out of the house as his life might be in danger. b) Calpurnia has expressed a fear that the ominous signs during the night might mean that Caesar’s life is in danger. (c) The bases of her fears are the unearthly events during the previous night and the strange dream which she had. Question 10(2): But here’s a parchment with the seal of Cesar; I found it in his closet, ‘tis his will: Let but the commons hear this testament- Which, pardon me, I do not mean to read- And they would go and kiss dead Cesar’s wounds (a) Who speaks these words? Where is the speaker at this moment? (b)What are the contents of Caesar’s will that he is referring to? c) Why does the speaker read Caesar’s will to the citizens? (d) What is the reaction of the listeners to the reading of the will? Answer 10(2): (a) Mark Antony speaks these words. He is in the market place pulpit. (b) The contents of Ceasar’s will were as follows: To every Roman citizen he gave seventy-five drachmas. In addition to this, all his walks, orchards and gardens were to be opened to the public. (c) The speaker reads Caesar’s will to the audience to play on their sympathy, and to make Caesar look like a great, benevolent ruler. (d) On hearing the will, the citizens call Caesar noble, and pledge to avenge his death. Question 12(a): Why was the conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar hatched? Answer 12(a): The conspiracy to assassinate Caesar was hatched to prevent him from being crowned the king of Rome. Brutus and Cassius had a grudge against Caesar and they wished to have the power in their hands rather than with Caesar. Question 12(b): Was Caesar really ambitious? Find evidence from the play to support your answer. Answer 12(b): Caesar was not ambitious. He brought many glories and victories to Rome and Romans. He was kind and sympathetic person. He refused the crown thrice. Caesar was very compassionate. He understood the plight of the poor. He promised seventy-five drachmas to every Roman Question 12(c): What was Cassius motive for murdering Julius Caesar? Answer 12(c): Cassius was jealous of Caesar’s growing power and influence. In fact he didn’t wish to see him as the great conqueror of the world. He didn’t want that Caesar should rule the Romans and that is why he wished to murder him Question 12(d): Why was it essential for the conspirators to include Brutus in the conspiracy? Answer 12(d): Brutus was a staunch patriot. He thought that Caesar was a dictator. He was a great friend of Caesar but he joined hands with the conspirators to free Rome from Caesar’s tyranny. He felt that for the welfare, liberty and freedom of Rome, it was necessary that Caesar should be killed. It was necessary for the conspirators to include Brutus as he was friends with Caesar and Caesar would trust him completely. Question 12(e): What were the mistakes made by Brutus that led to the failure of the conspiracy? Answer 12(e): Casca, Cinna, and Cassius jealous of Caesar’s growing power decide to murder him. Meanwhile, Brutus wants that the Romans should be free from the tyranny of Caesar. He, along with other conspirators, decides to kill Caesar. Cassius and Brutus take Caesar to Capitol and stab him. Antony realizes the conspiracy to kill Caesar. He seeks Brutus’ permission to speak at Caesar’s funeral. Brutus agrees and after his speech, Antony speaks. Antony instigates the mob against the conspirators. Brutus and Cassius are forced to kill themselves. The mistake of letting Antony address the mob led to the failure of conspiracy Question 12(f): Comment on Caesars friendship with Antony. Answer 12(f): Antony was a dear friend of Caesar. He did not agree with Brutus that Caesar was an ambitious person who wanted to rule over Rome. In fact he was ready to lay down his life for Rome. After Brutus’ speech at Caesar’s funeral, Antony delivers an emotional speech. He tells the mob that Caesar was not at all ambitious. He refused the crown three times. He said that Caesar had left 75 drachmas for every Roman. Antony appealed to the sentiments of the mob and even showed the wounded corpse of Caesar. The mob was so influenced by Antony’s speech that they turned against the conspirators. Thus Antony showed his affection and respect for Caesar. Question 12(g): Write a brief character sketch of Antony. Answer 12(g): Antony is a dear friend of Caesar. He is also a great orator and craftsman. He spends most of his time in revelry and listening to music. He looks upon life as a celebration in which he has a distinguished part to play. He is extremely devoted to Caesar. He wishes that Caesar should be crowned the king. A clever man, Antony, is successful in fooling Brutus into believing that he is with the conspirators after the death of Caesar. He delivers an influential speech which makes the mob realize conspiracy behind Caesar’s murder. He has genuine love and affection for Caesar and wishes to avenge his death. It is because of his speech, the conspirators are crushed. Question 12(h): What is the role of Julius Caesars ghost in the play, Julius Caesar? Answer 12(h): The ghost of Julius Caesar appears twice in the play: once before Brutus when he is sleeping in his tent, it stood by his bed side and said nothing. The second time it appears in a battle at Philippi. The ghost appeared in front of Antonius and Octavius. It did not say anything. The purpose of the ghost was to make Brutus realize his mistake. He was carried away by emotions and joined hands with the conspirators. Caesar’s death led to turmoil and unrest in Rome. Brutus is unhappy seeing all this and kills himself with his own sword. Question 12(i): Why does Antony call Brutus the noblest Roman of them all? Answer 12(i): Antony’s comment that Brutus is ‘the noblest Roman of them all’ is laced with sarcasm. Actually he wishes to tell the public that Caesar was not at all ambitious as pointed by Brutus but he does not say this immediately rather he cites instances and instigates audience slowly and logically. Antony is a great orator. He first calls Brutus the noblest Roman in order to gain attention and sympathy of the public. Slowly he tells the public that it was not Caesar’s ambition but Brutus’ personal grudge against Caesar that made him kill Caesar. Thus he is able avenge his friends’ death as the mob after hearing Antony’s speech turns against the conspirators. Question 12(j): How do Brutus and Cassius meet their end? Answer 12(j): Brutus wants that their forces should move to Philippi and attack the enemy. Cassius does not agree and leaves alone. On the plains of Philippi, Brutus and Cassius reach with their forces where there are the armies of Octavius and Antony. With the interference of Octavius their wrong doing comes to an end. Then the forces of Cassius and Antony fight in which Antony emerges victorious. Cassius could not accept this defeat and commits suicide. Brutus too is disheartened and kills himself with his own sword. Question 13: A reporter covers the event of the assassination of Julius Caesar in the senate giving graphic details and a catchy headline. Write the newspaper report in about 200 words. Answer 13: This question is to be answered on the basis of your own understanding, experience and thoughts. It is strongly recommended that you prepare the solution on your own. However, a sample solution has been provided for your reference. Caesar Slandered Today was a dark day in the history of Rome. A great son of soil, Julius Caesar, was assassinated in broad daylight. He was supposed to be crowned the king of Rome but unfortunately it was not meant to be. Caesar came to Capitol to be crowned the king. At the Capitol, Cimber, bent in front of Caesar and pleads for his brother. Caesar had banished Cimber’s brother. Brutus and Cassius also plead on behalf of Cimber. But Caesar does not relent. He is firm about decision about Cimber’s brother. At this point the conspirators started to stab him. Caesar’s great friend, Brutus also joins the others in stabbing Caesar. Caesar is shocked to see this and utters â€Å"You too, Brutus†. After the stabbing the conspirators shouted slogans of ‘Liberty, freedom and enfranchisement’. It is believed that Calpurnia, Caesar’s wife had a premonition about Caesar’s death. She didn’t want him to step out of the house that day. But Caesar was very keen to go to Capitol today. Economic Importance of Tourism in India By Becky Salmela Haase, eHow Contributor X Becky Salmela Haase Becky Salmela Haase has written professionally for newspapers, magazines and websites since 2004. She began her career writing for the University of Wisconsin-Madison Daily Cardinal, the Oregon Observer and ANEW/Brava magazine. Haase has a bachelors degree in international relations from the George Washington University, and a masters degree in journalism from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. * * * Share Intro Tourism is an increasingly vital part of the Indian economy. (Photo: india image by creative from Fotolia. com) Throughout the world, tourism brings money to cities and countries. Tourism also provides jobs for the local residents, further benefiting the destination. India has realized the profits available from this sector. Thanks to its growing economy and promoting itself as a culturally rich and diverse nation, Indias to urism industry now brings billions of dollars into the economy each year. Sponsored Links About India New Delhi is Indias capital. Photo: delhi image by ralf werner froelich from Fotolia. com) More than 60 years into its independence from British colonial rule, India has developed into a strong player on the world economic stage. As of 2010, more than 1. 1 billion people live in India, making it the second most populated country after China. New Delhi is the political capital of India, although Mumbai is the countrys the financial center. Indias Economy Tourism is becoming more and more a vital part of the Indian economy. (Photo: indian currency image by Sid Viswakumar from Fotolia. om) Even though most of the population is rural and still works in agriculture, Indias service-based economy has rapidly brought about a thriving development, especially in the last 20 years when India liberalized its markets. The services sector employs about 30 percent of Indias workforce, yet provides about half of its output. India depended on its large English-speaking, well-educated workforce to develop a burgeoning technology sector, as well. Tourism is a growing portion of Indias economy with an earnings increase of more than 17 percent from 2009. Reasons for Growth The Indian government played an important role in promoting tourism. (Photo: india flag button image by Andrey Zyk from Fotolia. com) Indias government, through its Tourism Ministry, developed a National Action Plan for Tourism to develop this portion of the economy. The plan sought to promote tourism as a way to boost socio-economic development, increase employment, preserve the nations heritage and environment and promote international and domestic tourists to visit India as a way to increase its share of global tourism. Through this plan, the ministry began advertising campaigns at home and abroad. The successful campaign has brought more touristsand their moneyto the country and boosted employment in this sector to more than 20 million people by 2006 Foreign Tourism to India The Taj Mahal is one of Indias most famous attractions. (Photo: taj mahal palace in delhi,india image by Galyna Andrushko from Fotolia. com) In 2006, more than 4 million tourists visited India and spent the equivalent of $8. 9 billion U. S. dollars, and this figure rose by about 22 percent each year from 2006 to 2009. Thanks again to its technology and service sectors, foreign business travelers are descending on India in large numbers. Many extend their trips, adding more tourist money to the economy. In fact, foreign tourists from all over the world spend more in India than almost any other country worldwide, according to Economy Watch. Tourists are attracted by Indias cultural diversity, temples, scenery and festivals. Each region of India offers something for foreign visitors, from the Taj Mahal and New Delhi in the north, bustling Mumbai in the West to the religious center of Varanasi in central India and any number of its beaches and coastal cities. Indian Travelers Abroad Indians are a growing part of their countrys tourism sector. Photo: india image by giantorre from Fotolia. com) Not only are foreign tourists traveling in India, its own citizens are taking more vacations, as well. The countrys economic growth increased its middle-class population. This group is contributing the most to domestic travel thanks to an annual 10 percent increase in disposable income between 2001 and 2006. India’s tourism industry is experiencing a strong period of growth, driven by the burgeoning Indian middle class, growth in high spending foreign tourists, and coordinated government campaigns to promote ‘Incredible India’. The tourism industry in India is substantial and vibrant, and the country is fast becoming a major global destination. India’s travel and tourism industry is one of them most profitable industries in the country, and also credited with contributing a substantial amount of foreign exchange. This is illustrated by the fact that during 2006, four million tourists visited India and spent US $8. 9 billion. Several reasons are cited for the growth and prosperity of India’s travel and tourism industry. Economic growth has added millions annually to the ranks of India’s middle class, a group that is driving domestic tourism growth. Disposable income in India has grown by 10. 11% annually from 2001-2006, and much of that is being spent on travel. Thanks in part to its booming IT and outsourcing industry a growing number of business trips are made by foreigners to India, who will often add a weekend break or longer holiday to their trip. Foreign tourists spend more in India than almost any other country worldwide. Tourist arrivals are projected to increase by over 22% per year through till 2010, with a 33% increase in foreign exchange earnings recorded in 2004. The Tourism Ministry has also played an important role in the development of the industry, initiating advertising campaigns such as the Incredible India campaign, which promoted India’s culture and tourist attractions in a fresh and memorable way. The campaign helped create a colorful image of India in the minds of consumers all over the world, and has directly led to an increase in the interest among tourists. The tourism industry has helped growth in other sectors as diverse as horticulture, handicrafts, agriculture, construction and even poultry. Both directly and indirectly, increased tourism in India has created jobs in a variety of related sectors. The numbers tell the story: almost 20 million people are now working in the India’s tourism industry. India’s governmental bodies have also made a significant impact in tourism by requiring that each and every state of India have a corporation to administer support issues related to tourism. - Top of Form Sign-up for our eNewsletter First Name Last Name Email We respect your privacy Bottom of Form A new growth sector is medical tourism. It is currently growing at around 30% per annum. Medical tourist arrivals are expected to reach one million soon. Medical tourism in Asia  has grown rapidly. Medical tourism is approaching fever pitch at the tune of $4 Billion US, fueled largely by the cosmetic surgery market. One of the problems India has, despite having some world-class hospitals, is sanitation. The tourism industry of India is based on certain core nationalistic ideals and standards which are: Swaagat or welcome, Sahyog or cooperation, Soochanaa or information, Sanrachanaa or infrastructure, Suvidha or facilitation, Safaai or cleanliness and Surakshaa or security. Tourism, globalisation and sustainable development Tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of the global economy and developing countries are attempting to cash in on this expanding industry in an attempt to boost foreign investment and financial reserves. While conceding that the uncontrolled growth of this industry can result in serious environmental and social problems, the United Nations contends that such negative effects can be controlled and reduced. Arguing that tourism needs to be more sustainable, the world body is organising a dialogue this April in the UN Commission on Sustainable Development to bring together national and local governments, the tourism industry, trade unions and activist groups to realise this goal. In the following article, Anita Pleumarom considers whether the global tourism industry can really be propelled towards sustainability under the current international and political regime that underpins the drive towards globalisation. When most people think of tourism, they think about a vacation to a new destination, an island retreat, a beautiful vineyard, or a hike in the mountains. They rarely think of tourism as a source of inclusive poverty reduction in the developing world. The potential of the tourism sector The tourism sector is one of the priority sectors of the Investment Climate Advisory Services for investment generation and regulatory simplification. We and institutions like UNCTAD, as well as the World Economic Forum strongly believe this sector can boost competitiveness , expand economic opportunity and provide a pathway to prosperity in client countries. Unsurprisingly, developing economies like Haiti, Mozambique, the Solomon Islands, Yemen and Zambia recently prioritized tourism as a key target to produce economic growth. But what makes the tourism sector so attractive? While the answer is not 100 percent clear, it is clear that the tourism sector is growing and in particular in developing in transition countries. Its total contribution to global GDP has grown by 21 percent in the last decade to$5,992 billion in 2011 (Figure 1). Source: World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) 2011 The tourism sector has strong links to economic growth. Economic (GDP) growth is of principal concern for all countries, particularly those engaged in poverty reduction as a means to spread wealth across the population. Empirical studies in countries as diverse as Barbados, Croatia, India, Taiwan and Turkey have shown a causal relationship between tourism development and economic growth. A cross country study by the IMF showed that an increase of one standard deviation in the share of tourism in exports leads to about 0. percentage point in additional annual growth, everything else being constant. Thus many governments (particularly low income economies) should view investing in its tourism industry as a means to stimulate growth over the long term and enabling the poor to share in economic gains. Tourism investments can benefit local people Tourism is one of the only industries in the world where the ‘good’ or ‘service’ is consumed at the site of production . For this reason, local people are both at an advantage to reap the benefits associated with the ector, but also at risk from exclusion or even the negative impacts it can bring. A well planned, regulated and responsible tourism can be an excellent mechanism of channeling resources from rich to poor even at the large scale. Commercial tourism activities provide an opportunity for local people to participate in direct employment, in providing goods and services to tourism businesses through the supply chain, but also in direct interaction with the tourist (for example: crafts, excursions, food and beverage). The generation of earnings amongst those local people directly involved with the industry in turn stimulates indirect spend (of wages) in the local economy. Tourism provides opportunities for economic diversification and skills upgrading Developing countries can leverage tourism to support local companies and entrepreneurs in developing new products and exports. The tourism sector provides a means by which local entrepreneurs can experiment with new products and test them on international markets in their home country before exporting. International tourists typically create demand for products and services which may not have already existed in the local market and also demand certain quality standards. Whilst these can be a challenge to meet in the short-term, tourism creates the market and the incentive to drive the process – leading to growth and improvement over time

HR Outsourcing WalMart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HR Outsourcing WalMart - Essay Example In the case of WalMart, although the company does deal with manufacturing as well, the main business deals with retailing. Hence here it is not advisable to outsource the human resources process. The company requires keeping complete records and all decision making within the same locations. This allows better and faster response time to any human resource problem. Although outsourcing will prove to be beneficial for the company and will provide the company with reduced duties to be carried out directly, the strategic decision making will not be in complete sync with the main objectives of the company. Strategic HRM can be more powerful and success when it is carried out within the organization. In making strategic decisions it is crucial that the objectives and other strategic decisions made by other teams are also considered (Brown and Wilson). By outsourcing the HRM functions and the processes to different locations, the company can clearly be faced with issues of keeping complete records and also maintaining the staff effectively.

Corruption in correctional personnel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corruption in correctional personnel - Essay Example The legal scholars and criminologists present in other countries are usually appalled and mystified by the length of the prison sentences taking place in America. Currently there are about 2.3 million prisoners behind bars in America which is more than the number of prisoners held by any other nation(Liptak, 2008). An article published in â€Å"the guardian† in its September 2013 issue exposes that one of the American prison officers named Robert Di-Bona went to work while he was high on ecstasy.The prison officer was also accused for selling steroids to one of the former inmate. A corruption investigation was conducted against the prison officer. Beside the already mentioned allegations, the officer was also accused for providing false evidence to the commission working to eradicate corruption from government institutions. The officer also acted corruptly twice when he went to his duty, which was later found out to be the influence of ecstasy. Other than giving steroids to one of the former inmates, Robert Di-Bona was also found giving prescribed steroids to his fellow officer named Christopher Warren by the watchdog. Both Di-Bona and Warren worked for a special program at the jail. The report submitted by the commission working against corruption in jail found both the men engaged in corrupt activities and were reported using steroids on job. The officer was also accused for using his mobile phone for some kind of social purpose which is against law(Prison officer was high on ecstasy at work, corruption inquiry finds, 2013). If we look further into the matter highlighted in the article we can see that almost 1000 prison officers were found involved in corruption by the service commission. The report also suggest the fact that while most of the prison officers try to operate through honest means, there are still a number of officers that are involved in corrupt practices. There was a report broadcasted by BBC

Effects of Psychological Contract on the Work-Life Balance

Effects of Psychological Contract on the Work-Life Balance A contemporary analysis of the concept of work life balance and the effects of the psychological contract within the business Aimed towards Retail Terms of Reference To define, explore and critically analyse the extent to which contracted work in the retail business is affected by psychological contract theory Establish from primary and secondary sources the factors which impact on the work life balance for employees, and if any policies and practices are effective. Examine the various ideas from the literature around organisational culture and the psychological contract, in order to determine how Toys R Us fits with these definitions. To draw conclusions around the extent to which Toys R Us has managed to achieve a suitable work life balance for all of their employees without the use of a psychological contract; and to examine possible future changes/ recommendations which could be implemented to create said contract. Literature Review The journal Management Research News (2007) provides a useful starting point, as it looks to review the literature around the psychological contract in order to help develop an understanding around the various unique agreements and the work environment that underlies modern working. As such, the paper is a conceptual paper, and its main aim is to categorise the existing knowledge around the psychological contract in the workplace, as well as to provide practical direction for future research. The results of this investigation indicated that the context of the psychological contract must be reconsidered, due to the nature of the flexible modern working environment where jobs are not always seen as being long term commitments. As such, it is important to consider the impact of organisational justice, rather than looking at potential relationship development (Management Research News, 2007). This is particularly relevant for retail organisations such as Toys R Us, where a large number o f their staff may be students or other short term casual workers. Unfortunately, there has been little research into the levels of job security felt by temporary employees and contract employees, and how this impacts on any psychological contract which may exist. This is addressed to some extent by De Cuyper and De Witte (2006), who examined how perceptions of job security, as well as job satisfaction and organisational commitment, varied from permanent employees to temporary ones. This research was based on the claims of psychological contract theory, which holds that a lack of job security only arises if the psychological contract is violated, and that permanent employees tend to feel stronger psychological contracts that temporary and contracted workers. Their results support this argument, showing that the temporary staff tended not to create strong psychological contracts with their employers, and hence their perceptions of job security did not impact on their overall performance. In contrast, for permanent employees job security was a key pre dictor of both job satisfaction and organisational commitment, indicating that the psychological contract is of greater concern for permanent staff (De Cuyper and De Witte, 2006). Indeed, George (2003) found that the use of temporary and contract workers in an organisation could actually harm the psychological contract which existed between the permanent workforce and the organisation. These finding are based on a detailed study of 256 permanent employees across three organisations, and showed that the extent to which contracting and temporary workers were used, combined with the duration of their use, had negative impacts on permanent employees’ trust in the organisation, as well as the psychological contract with the organisation. These results are explained by the fact that permanent workers see the increased use of temporary and contract staff as indicating that their organisations do not have a strong commitment to their permanent employees. As such, permanent employees begin to see themselves as being less attached to the organisation. The grounded theory approach taken by George (2003) indicates that this is consistent with theoretical prediction s that the use of contract staff acts as a violation of the psychological contract for permanent staff, since contracting makes it harder to permanent workers to advance in the organisation. As such, when attempting to manage this, organisations should look to show strong levels of commitment towards their permanent employees, as this will help counter the perceived violations from the use of contracted staff. Whilst George (2003) claims that this can be achieved through making permanent employees supervisors and trainers of other employees, there is little empirical data to support this, hence it is not clear if this would be a valid method for countering the negative impacts of contracting. Another useful empirical study in this area comes from Ellis (2007) who used the theory of psychological contracting to develop a framework exploring employee reactions to the various promises and contract violations they received from their employer. This is based on the hypothesis that an employee’s status within the organisation may affect their perceptions of promises and contract violations, but this will depend on what the promise is about. This hypothesis was tested using a survey of 163 full time employees working for 25 different organizations. The results supported the hypothesis, showing that supervisory and managerial employees placed more value on promises and violations that their manual labouring counterparts. This indicates that, not only will contracted employees have a less significant psychological contract but, in industries where contracted workers are often used for manual labour, this effect will be pronounced by the lower value manual workers assign to organisational promises and violations (Ellis, 2007). When considering the work life balance, Watson (2001) discusses a lecture given by Ewart Wooldridge, the director of the Civil Service College, who claims that many employees are now moving towards a more flexible approach to work. This is in contrast to prior situations, in which work tended to be the dominant feature in many workers’ lives. This is claimed to be largely due to factors such as recession; the reduction in the power of the trade unions; and the rise of a new psychological contract, which is focused on individual employees more than on organisations. As such, Watson (2001) claims that employees will tend to offer less loyalty to their existing employer, whilst attempting to improve their overall employability in an attempt to find a better job with another employer. Whilst they will continue provide their current employer with effective results during this period, they will be less likely to fully commit themselves to their employer. As such, unless their employ er promotes the work life balance they require, there is a chance that the employee will lose faith in the organisation, reducing their effort and hastening their departure (Watson, 2001). However, it should be noted that Watson’s (2001) article is entirely based on theoretical arguments, with not empirical backing. This may reduce its relevance and validity to all situations. In contrast, Conway and Monks (2008) exploration of the relationship between HR practices and employee commitment is based on a case study analysis of three health service organisations in the Republic of Ireland. This research examines how employees perceive HR practices such as work life balance, and how these perceptions affect employee level commitment and perceptions of the psychological contract. These findings indicate that there is a disparity between the HR practices which are valued most highly by employees, and the practices detailed in the HR literature and those which are practiced by organisations. This indicates that organisations need to consider the basic factors underlying the employment relationship and the psychological contract, rather than simply introducing the latest HR practices (Conway and Monks, 2008). However, this research is somewhat limited by the fact that it is only based on one industry, and includes just three organisations. Sturges and Guest (2004) conducted a much larger survey into the factors which affected the perceptions of the work life balance amongst new graduates who had recently started working. They found that the main factors affecting perceptions were conflicts between work and non-work priorities; the number of hours worked; and the degree of organisational and personal commitment shown by the graduates. As such, whilst most graduates tended to look for a good work life balance, their desire for long term career progression tended to lead them to work increasingly long hours in an effort to progress earlier. However, this tendency led to a worsening relationship between the graduates’ perceptions of work, which ultimately acted to harm the psychological contract. As such, Sturges and Guest (2004) argue that organisations need to introduce policies and practices designed to promote a healthy work life balance, showing support for their employees’ lives outside of the workplace , in order to avoid any negative impacts on performance. In addition to this, Sutton and Griffin (2004) argued that the degree to which employees’ expectations prior to starting work were supported by their experiences in the job had a significant impact on their perceptions of their work life balance and the psychological contract. This argument was assessed through a longitudinal study of 235 occupational therapy students who were about to start work, and compared with their views 14 months later. The results showed that if their experiences of work after entering a job were not consistent with their expectations, the employees were more likely to perceive psychological contract violations, and hence lower job satisfaction. In particular, the expectations around work life balance were found to be driven by the recruitment and selection process (Sutton and Griffin, 2004). This indicates that policies aimed at improving work life balance need to take account of, and control, employee expectations at the recruitment stage in order to be effective. Unfortunately, as before, the narrow nature of this study, which only examines one occupation, makes it of limited relevance to the case of Toys R Us. Another factor found to be relevant to the psychological contract, and violations of the contract, is employee personality. Raja et al (2004) carried out a survey of personality types and responses to the psychological contract, finding that personality characteristics such as extraversion, neuroticism and self-esteem were all related to employee perceptions of the psychological contract. In addition, personality characteristics tended to predict employee perceptions of breaches of the contract, as well as when these breaches were perceived as violations. This indicates that, when designing policies, organisations need to pay attention to employee personality characteristics, and their potential impact on the psychological contract. In addition, when considering the nature of the psychological contract, it is important to realise that the contract is a dynamic thing, which can grow and develop over time. As such, organisations need to consider the need to display a level of commitment to shared values, as well as the welfare of their employees, if they are to develop the contract and the level of organisational commitment shown by the employees. Indeed, Barnett and Schubert (2002) claim that a developing psychological contract and employment relationship can have significant benefits for employees and employers alike. Their survey of 194 employees working in a large retail organisation showed that employees valued their employers having strong principles, and showing concern around their employees’ welfare. This indicates that these are key factors to be considered when developing policies and practices aimed at strengthening the psychological contract. Further research in the retail sector comes from DAnnunzio-Green and Francis (2005), who examined how managers’ view of an emotion management leadership programme acted on their perceptions of the psychological contract. The results of this study indicated that the programme led to a shift in perceptions away from a transactional psychological contract, and towards a relational one. This in turn influenced managers’ perceptions around what the organisation’s expectations of them were, as well as what the organisation offered them in return. This effectively led to the construction of a new, ‘trial’ psychological contract, where managers agreed to believe that the leadership programme would create a more favourable work environment, both for the managers and their subordinates. The managers then internalised and tested the contract to determine whether the organisation’s actions lived up to the promises contained in said contract. This indicate s that organisations need to be sure that any new policies enacted do not create unrealistic expectations, as then any benefits from the policies will be undone by the resulting breaches of the trial psychological contract created by the policies (DAnnunzio-Green and Francis, 2005). Finally, Porter et al (1998) carried out a significant study into the extent to which these perceptual gaps between the promises of the contract and the actual behaviour of the organisation had significant explanatory power over and above measures such as employee satisfaction. This was based on a study of 48 executives and 339 employees over four organisations, in an attempt to determine the promises made to the employees, the employees’ perceptions of these promises, and the employee’s perceptions of the actual benefits provided. This showed that the larger the gap between the perceptions of the promises and the perceptions of the actual benefits, the lower the level of employees’ overall satisfaction with the organisation. This effect was found to be significant even after considering factors such as employee satisfaction with their job and their performance. As such, it appears that employee perceptions of organisational promises can have a more significant e ffect than many other factors, including the nature of the employee’s role and their performance within the organisation (Porter et al, 1998). References Barnett, T. and Schubert, E. (2002) Perceptions of the Ethical Work Climate and Covenantal Relationships. Journal of Business Ethics; Vol. 36, Issue 3, p. 279-290. Conway, E. and Monks, K. (2008) HR practices and commitment to change: an employee-level analysis. Human Resource Management Journal; Vol. 18, Issue 1, p. 72-89. DAnnunzio-Green, N. and Francis, H. (2005) Human Resource Development and the Psychological Contract: Great Expectations or False Hopes? Human Resource Development International; Vol. 8, Issue 3, p. 327-344. De Cuyper, N. and De Witte, H. (2006) The impact of job insecurity and contract type on attitudes, well-being and behavioural reports: A psychological contract perspective. Journal of Occupational Organizational Psychology; Vol. 79, Issue 3, p. 395-409. Ellis, J. B. (2007) Psychological Contracts Does Work Status Affect Perceptions of Making and Keeping Promises? Management Communication Quarterly; Vol. 20, Issue 4, p. 335-362. George, E. (2003) External Solutions and Internal Problems: The Effects of Employment Externalization on Internal Workers Attitudes. Organization Science; Vol. 14, Issue 4, p. 386-402. Management Research News (2007) Understanding the psychological contract: a direction for the future. Management Research News; Vol. 30, Issue 6, p. 432-440. Porter, L. W. Pearce, J. L. Tripoli, A. M. and Lewis, K. M. (1998) Differential perceptions of employers inducements: implications for psychological contracts. Journal of Organizational Behavior; Vol. 19, p. 769-782. Raja, U. Johns, G. and Ntalianis, F. (2004) The Impact Of Personality On Psychological Contracts. Academy of Management Journal; Vol. 47, Issue 3, p. 350-367. Sturges, J. and Guest, D. (2008) Working to live or living to work? Work/life balance early in the career. Human Resource Management Journal; 2004, Vol. 14 Issue 4, p5-20. Sutton, G. and Griffin, M. A. (2004) Integrating expectations, experiences, and psychological contract violations: A longitudinal study of new professionals. Journal of Occupational Organizational Psychology; Vol. 77, Issue 4, p. 493-514. Watson, B. (2001) Report: A New Deal? Understanding the Psychological Contract. Public Money Management; Vol. 21, Issue 3, p. 57.